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DBMS > 4D vs. CrateDB vs. IBM Cloudant vs. IRONdb vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. CrateDB vs. IBM Cloudant vs. IRONdb vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonCrateDB  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Cloudant  Xexclude from comparisonIRONdb  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
IRONdb seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemDistributed Database based on LuceneDatabase as a Service offering based on Apache CouchDBA distributed Time Series DBMS with a focus on scalability, fault tolerance and operational simplicityWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Document storeTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score0.71
Rank#227  Overall
#37  Document stores
#5  Spatial DBMS
#16  Search engines
#19  Time Series DBMS
#8  Vector DBMS
Score2.75
Rank#104  Overall
#19  Document stores
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comcratedb.comwww.ibm.com/­products/­cloudantwww.circonus.com/solutions/time-series-database/www.postgresql.org
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcratedb.com/­docscloud.ibm.com/­docs/­Cloudantdocs.circonus.com/irondb/category/getting-startedwww.postgresql.org/­docs
Developer4D, IncCrateIBM, Apache Software Foundation infoIBM acquired Cloudant in February 2014Circonus LLC.PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release19842013201020171989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current releasev20, April 2023V0.10.20, January 201816.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
CrateDB Cloud: a distributed SQL database that spreads data and processing across an elastic cluster of shared nothing nodes. CrateDB Cloud enables data insights at scale on Microsoft Azure, AWS and Google Cloud Platform.
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Implementation languageJavaErlangC and C++C
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All Operating Systems, including Kubernetes with CrateDB Kubernetes Operator supporthostedLinuxFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)schema-freeschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyes infotext, numeric, histogramsyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes, but no triggers and constraints, and PostgreSQL compatibilitynoSQL-like query language (Circonus Analytics Query Language: CAQL)yes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Prometheus Remote Read/Write
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP/JSON APIHTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.NET
Erlang
Go infocommunity maintained client
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) infocommunity maintained client
Perl infocommunity maintained client
PHP
Python
R
Ruby infocommunity maintained client
Scala infocommunity maintained client
C#
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functions (Javascript)View functions (Map-Reduce) in JavaScriptyes, in Luauser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersyesnoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingAutomatic, metric affinity per nodepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationConfigurable replication on table/partition-levelMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
configurable replication factor, datacenter awareSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Read-after-write consistency on record level
Eventual ConsistencyImmediate consistency per node, eventual consistency across nodesImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infounique row identifiers can be used for implementing an optimistic concurrency control strategyno infoatomic operations within a document possiblenoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infoOptimistic lockingyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonononono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsrights management via user accountsAccess rights for users can be defined per databasenofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCrateDBIBM CloudantIRONdbPostgreSQL
Specific characteristicsThe enterprise database for time series, documents, and vectors. Distributed - Native...
» more
Competitive advantagesResponse time in milliseconds: e ven for complex ad-hoc queries. Massive scaling...
» more
Typical application scenarios​ IoT: accelerate your IIoT projects with CrateDB, delivering real-time analytics...
» more
Key customersAcross all continents, CrateDB is used by companies of all sizes to meet the most...
» more
Market metricsThe CrateDB open source project was started in 2013 Honorable Mention in 2021 Gartner®...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsSee CrateDB pricing >
» more

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4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCrateDBIBM CloudantIRONdbPostgreSQL
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