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DBMS > 4D vs. CrateDB vs. GraphDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Trafodion

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. CrateDB vs. GraphDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Trafodion

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonCrateDB  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonTrafodion  Xexclude from comparison
Apache Trafodion has been retired in 2021. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemDistributed Database based on LuceneEnterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.Microsofts flagship relational DBMSTransactional SQL-on-Hadoop DBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score0.73
Rank#224  Overall
#37  Document stores
#5  Spatial DBMS
#16  Search engines
#19  Time Series DBMS
#8  Vector DBMS
Score3.32
Rank#91  Overall
#6  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score824.29
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comcratedb.comwww.ontotext.comwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-servertrafodion.apache.org
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcratedb.com/­docsgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-servertrafodion.apache.org/­documentation.html
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
Developer4D, IncCrateOntotextMicrosoftApache Software Foundation, originally developed by HP
Initial release19842013200019892014
Current releasev20, April 202310.4, October 2023SQL Server 2022, November 20222.3.0, February 2019
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Sourcecommercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
CrateDB Cloud: a distributed SQL database that spreads data and processing across an elastic cluster of shared nothing nodes. CrateDB Cloud enables data insights at scale on Microsoft Azure, AWS and Google Cloud Platform.SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageJavaJavaC++C++, Java
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All Operating Systems, including Kubernetes with CrateDB Kubernetes Operator supportAll OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Windows
Linux
Data schemeyesFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes, but no triggers and constraints, and PostgreSQL compatibilitystored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCyesyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Prometheus Remote Read/Write
RESTful HTTP API
GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.NET
Erlang
Go infocommunity maintained client
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) infocommunity maintained client
Perl infocommunity maintained client
PHP
Python
R
Ruby infocommunity maintained client
Scala infocommunity maintained client
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/ADO.Net
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functions (Javascript)well-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) JavaJava Stored Procedures
Triggersyesnonoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingnonetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationConfigurable replication on table/partition-levelMulti-source replicationyes, but depending on the SQL-Server Editionyes, via HBase
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes infovia user defined functions and HBase
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Read-after-write consistency on record level
Immediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyes infoConstraint checkingyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infounique row identifiers can be used for implementing an optimistic concurrency control strategyACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsrights management via user accountsDefault Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCrateDBGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMMicrosoft SQL ServerTrafodion
Specific characteristicsThe enterprise database for time series, documents, and vectors. Distributed - Native...
» more
Ontotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
Competitive advantagesResponse time in milliseconds: e ven for complex ad-hoc queries. Massive scaling...
» more
GraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
Typical application scenarios​ IoT: accelerate your IIoT projects with CrateDB, delivering real-time analytics...
» more
Metadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Key customersAcross all continents, CrateDB is used by companies of all sizes to meet the most...
» more
​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Market metricsThe CrateDB open source project was started in 2013 Honorable Mention in 2021 Gartner®...
» more
GraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsSee CrateDB pricing >
» more
GraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
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