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DBMS > 4D vs. CrateDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. LMDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. CrateDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. LMDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonCrateDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonLMDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemDistributed Database based on LuceneA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.A high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database library
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMSKey-value store
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score0.71
Rank#227  Overall
#37  Document stores
#5  Spatial DBMS
#16  Search engines
#19  Time Series DBMS
#8  Vector DBMS
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score2.09
Rank#121  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
Websitewww.4d.comcratedb.comcloud.google.com/­spannerwww.symas.com/­symas-embedded-database-lmdb
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcratedb.com/­docscloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.lmdb.tech/­doc
Developer4D, IncCrateGoogleSymas
Initial release1984201320172011
Current releasev20, April 20230.9.32, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen SourcecommercialOpen Source
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
CrateDB Cloud: a distributed SQL database that spreads data and processing across an elastic cluster of shared nothing nodes. CrateDB Cloud enables data insights at scale on Microsoft Azure, AWS and Google Cloud Platform.
Implementation languageJavaC
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All Operating Systems, including Kubernetes with CrateDB Kubernetes Operator supporthostedLinux
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)yesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes, but no triggers and constraints, and PostgreSQL compatibilityyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011no
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Prometheus Remote Read/Write
RESTful HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.NET
Erlang
Go infocommunity maintained client
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) infocommunity maintained client
Perl infocommunity maintained client
PHP
Python
R
Ruby infocommunity maintained client
Scala infocommunity maintained client
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functions (Javascript)nono
Triggersyesnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationConfigurable replication on table/partition-levelMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.none
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Read-after-write consistency on record level
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infounique row identifiers can be used for implementing an optimistic concurrency control strategyACID infoStrict serializable isolationACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsrights management via user accountsAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)no
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCrateDBGoogle Cloud SpannerLMDB
Specific characteristicsThe enterprise database for time series, documents, and vectors. Distributed - Native...
» more
Competitive advantagesResponse time in milliseconds: e ven for complex ad-hoc queries. Massive scaling...
» more
Typical application scenarios​ IoT: accelerate your IIoT projects with CrateDB, delivering real-time analytics...
» more
Key customersAcross all continents, CrateDB is used by companies of all sizes to meet the most...
» more
Market metricsThe CrateDB open source project was started in 2013 Honorable Mention in 2021 Gartner®...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsSee CrateDB pricing >
» more

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4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCrateDBGoogle Cloud SpannerLMDB
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