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DBMS > 4D vs. CrateDB vs. FoundationDB vs. LMDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. CrateDB vs. FoundationDB vs. LMDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonCrateDB  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonLMDB  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemDistributed Database based on LuceneOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.A high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database library
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Document store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Key-value store
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score0.71
Rank#227  Overall
#37  Document stores
#5  Spatial DBMS
#16  Search engines
#19  Time Series DBMS
#8  Vector DBMS
Score1.06
Rank#185  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#85  Relational DBMS
Score2.09
Rank#121  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
Websitewww.4d.comcratedb.comgithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbwww.symas.com/­symas-embedded-database-lmdb
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcratedb.com/­docsapple.github.io/­foundationdbwww.lmdb.tech/­doc
Developer4D, IncCrateFoundationDBSymas
Initial release1984201320132011
Current releasev20, April 20236.2.28, November 20200.9.32, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
CrateDB Cloud: a distributed SQL database that spreads data and processing across an elastic cluster of shared nothing nodes. CrateDB Cloud enables data insights at scale on Microsoft Azure, AWS and Google Cloud Platform.
Implementation languageJavaC++C
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All Operating Systems, including Kubernetes with CrateDB Kubernetes Operator supportLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)schema-free infosome layers support schemasschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesno infosome layers support typing
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesnono
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes, but no triggers and constraints, and PostgreSQL compatibilitysupported in specific SQL layer onlyno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Prometheus Remote Read/Write
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.NET
Erlang
Go infocommunity maintained client
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) infocommunity maintained client
Perl infocommunity maintained client
PHP
Python
R
Ruby infocommunity maintained client
Scala infocommunity maintained client
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functions (Javascript)in SQL-layer onlyno
Triggersyesnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationConfigurable replication on table/partition-levelyesnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Read-after-write consistency on record level
Linearizable consistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoin SQL-layer onlyno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infounique row identifiers can be used for implementing an optimistic concurrency control strategyACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsrights management via user accountsnono
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCrateDBFoundationDBLMDB
Specific characteristicsThe enterprise database for time series, documents, and vectors. Distributed - Native...
» more
Competitive advantagesResponse time in milliseconds: e ven for complex ad-hoc queries. Massive scaling...
» more
Typical application scenarios​ IoT: accelerate your IIoT projects with CrateDB, delivering real-time analytics...
» more
Key customersAcross all continents, CrateDB is used by companies of all sizes to meet the most...
» more
Market metricsThe CrateDB open source project was started in 2013 Honorable Mention in 2021 Gartner®...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsSee CrateDB pricing >
» more

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCrateDBFoundationDBLMDB
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