DBMS > 4D vs. CockroachDB vs. ToroDB vs. VoltDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. CockroachDB vs. ToroDB vs. VoltDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

CockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.

A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL

Distributed In-Memory NewSQL RDBMS

Used for OLTP applications with a high frequency of relatively simple transactions, that can hold all their data in memory

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.68
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	6.10
Rank	#58	Overall
	#33	Relational DBMS

Score	1.46
Rank	#159	Overall
	#74	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

www.cockroachlabs.com

github.com/torodb/server

www.voltdb.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

www.cockroachlabs.com/docs

docs.voltdb.com

Developer

4D, Inc

Cockroach Labs

8Kdata

VoltDB Inc.

Initial release

1984

2015

2016

2010

Current release

v20, April 2023

23.1.1, May 2023

11.3, April 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0, commercial license available

Open Source

AGPL-V3

Open Source

AGPL for Community Edition, commercial license for Enterprise, AWS, and Pro Editions

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Java, C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

All OS with a Java 7 VM

Linux
OS X

for development

Data scheme

yes

dynamic schema

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQL

yes

only a subset of SQL 99

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC

Java API
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust

C#
C++
Erlang

not officially supported
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

all tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFT

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Multi-source replication using RAFT

Source-replica replication

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

FOREIGN KEY constraints are not supported

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Transactions are executed single-threaded within stored procedures

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Data access is serialized by the server

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

Snapshots and command logging

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Role-based access control

Access rights for users and roles

Users and roles with access to stored procedures

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking
2 March 2016, Paul Andlinger

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Recent citations in the news

Cockroach Labs Deepens Partnership with Google Cloud, CockroachDB Selected to Join Google Distributed Cloud
9 April 2024, PR Newswire

CockroachDB tempts legacy databases to crawl into the cloud age
29 January 2024, The Register

How DoorDash Migrated from Aurora Postgres to CockroachDB
5 December 2023, The New Stack

How to Unlock Real-Time Data Streams with CockroachDB and Amazon MSK | Amazon Web Services
6 November 2023, AWS Blog

CockroachDB's Latest Enhancements Focus on Resilience
18 January 2024, Database Trends and Applications

provided by Google News

Unveiling Volt Active Data's game-changing approach to limitless app performance
16 October 2023, YourStory

VoltDB Launches Active(N) Lossless Cross Data Center Replication
31 August 2021, PR Newswire

VoltDB Combines Streaming, Global Data
1 February 2017, Datanami

VoltDB Adds Geospatial Support, Cross-Site Replication
28 January 2016, The New Stack

VoltDB Upgrades Power, Security of Its In-Memory Database
1 February 2017, eWeek

provided by Google News

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