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DBMS > 4D vs. CockroachDB vs. dBASE vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. CockroachDB vs. dBASE vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisondBASE  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.dBase was one of the first databases with a development environment on PC's. Its latest version dBase V is still sold as dBase classic, which needs a DOS Emulation. The up-to-date product is dBase plus.Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score6.15
Rank#55  Overall
#33  Relational DBMS
Score10.34
Rank#44  Overall
#28  Relational DBMS
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.cockroachlabs.comwww.dbase.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticsgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docswww.dbase.com/­support/­knowledgebasedocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analytics
Developer4D, IncCockroach LabsAsthon TateMicrosoft8Kdata
Initial release19842015197920162016
Current releasev20, April 202323.1.1, May 2023dBASE 2019, 2019
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availablecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoC++Java
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
DOS infodBase Classic
Windows infodBase Pro
hostedAll OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesdynamic schemayesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLnoyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBCnone infoThe IDE can access other DBMS or ODBC-sources.ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
dBase proprietary IDEC#
Java
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnono infoThe IDE can access stored procedures in other database systems.Transact SQL
Triggersyesnononono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTnoneSharding, horizontal partitioningSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication using RAFTnoneyesSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDno infonot for dBase internal data, but IDE does support transactions when accessing external DBMSACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsRole-based access controlAccess rights for users and rolesyesAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCockroachDBdBASEMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseToroDB
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