DBMS > 4D vs. CockroachDB vs. IBM Db2 warehouse vs. LeanXcale vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. CockroachDB vs. IBM Db2 warehouse vs. LeanXcale vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

CockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.

Cloud-based data warehousing service

A highly scalable full ACID SQL database with fast NoSQL data ingestion and GIS capabilities

A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store
Relational DBMS

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	6.15
Rank	#55	Overall
	#33	Relational DBMS

Score	1.30
Rank	#164	Overall
	#75	Relational DBMS

Score	0.29
Rank	#291	Overall
	#41	Key-value stores
	#132	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

www.cockroachlabs.com

www.ibm.com/products/db2/warehouse

www.leanxcale.com

github.com/torodb/server

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

www.cockroachlabs.com/docs

Developer

4D, Inc

Cockroach Labs

IBM

LeanXcale

8Kdata

Initial release

1984

2015

2014

2015

2016

Current release

v20, April 2023

23.1.1, May 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0, commercial license available

commercial

Open Source

AGPL-V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

hosted

All OS with a Java 7 VM

Data scheme

yes

dynamic schema

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQL

yes

through Apache Derby

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB

JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
proprietary key/value interface
Spark Connector

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust

Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby

C
Java
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

PL/SQL, SQL PL

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

all tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFT

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Multi-source replication using RAFT

yes

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Role-based access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

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