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DBMS > 4D vs. CockroachDB vs. Greenplum vs. Machbase Neo vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. CockroachDB vs. Greenplum vs. Machbase Neo vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonGreenplum  Xexclude from comparisonMachbase Neo infoFormer name was Infiniflux  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.Analytic Database platform built on PostgreSQL. Full name is Pivotal Greenplum Database infoA logical database in Greenplum is an array of individual PostgreSQL databases working together to present a single database image.TimeSeries DBMS for AIoT and BigDataA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score6.15
Rank#55  Overall
#33  Relational DBMS
Score8.37
Rank#48  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score0.12
Rank#339  Overall
#30  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.cockroachlabs.comgreenplum.orgmachbase.comgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docsdocs.greenplum.orgmachbase.com/­dbms
Developer4D, IncCockroach LabsPivotal Software Inc.Machbase8Kdata
Initial release19842015200520132016
Current releasev20, April 202323.1.1, May 20237.0.0, September 2023V8.0, August 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial infofree test version availableOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoCJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
LinuxLinux
macOS
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesdynamic schemayesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyes infosince Version 4.2nono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLyesSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBCJDBC
ODBC
gRPC
HTTP REST
JDBC
MQTT (Message Queue Telemetry Transport)
ODBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
C
Java
Perl
Python
R
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP infovia ODBC
Python
R infovia ODBC
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoyesno
Triggersyesnoyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTShardingShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication using RAFTSource-replica replicationselectable replication factorSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesnoyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes infovolatile and lookup table
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsRole-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardsimple password-based access controlAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCockroachDBGreenplumMachbase Neo infoFormer name was InfinifluxToroDB
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