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DBMS > 4D vs. CockroachDB vs. Elasticsearch vs. NuoDB vs. TimescaleDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. CockroachDB vs. Elasticsearch vs. NuoDB vs. TimescaleDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonNuoDB  Xexclude from comparisonTimescaleDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.A distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricNuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactionsA time series DBMS optimized for fast ingest and complex queries, based on PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSSearch engineRelational DBMSTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score5.73
Rank#58  Overall
#34  Relational DBMS
Score132.83
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score0.94
Rank#197  Overall
#92  Relational DBMS
Score4.46
Rank#71  Overall
#5  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.cockroachlabs.comwww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchwww.3ds.com/­nuodb-distributed-sql-databasewww.timescale.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docswww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmldoc.nuodb.comdocs.timescale.com
Developer4D, IncCockroach LabsElasticDassault Systèmes infooriginally NuoDB, Inc.Timescale
Initial release19842015201020132017
Current releasev20, April 202324.1.0, May 20248.6, January 20232.15.0, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availableOpen Source infoElastic Licensecommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoJavaC++C
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
All OS with a Java VMhosted infoAmazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesdynamic schemaschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesnumerics, strings, booleans, arrays, JSON blobs, geospatial dimensions, currencies, binary data, other complex data types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLSQL-like query languageyesyes infofull PostgreSQL SQL syntax
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBCJava API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoyesJava, SQLuser defined functions, PL/pgSQL, PL/Tcl, PL/Perl, PL/Python, PL/Java, PL/PHP, PL/R, PL/Ruby, PL/Scheme, PL/Unix shell
Triggersyesnoyes infoby using the 'percolation' featureyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTShardingdata is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/writtenyes, across time and space (hash partitioning) attributes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication using RAFTyesyes infoManaged transparently by NuoDBSource-replica replication with hot standby and reads on replicas info
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoES-Hadoop Connectornono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACID infotunable commit protocolACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infoMVCCyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoMemcached and Redis integrationyes infoTemporary tableno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsRole-based access controlStandard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative Usersfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCockroachDBElasticsearchNuoDBTimescaleDB
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