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DBMS > 4D vs. CockroachDB vs. DuckDB vs. Greenplum vs. Trafodion

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. CockroachDB vs. DuckDB vs. Greenplum vs. Trafodion

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonGreenplum  Xexclude from comparisonTrafodion  Xexclude from comparison
Apache Trafodion has been retired in 2021. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSAnalytic Database platform built on PostgreSQL. Full name is Pivotal Greenplum Database infoA logical database in Greenplum is an array of individual PostgreSQL databases working together to present a single database image.Transactional SQL-on-Hadoop DBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score6.15
Rank#55  Overall
#33  Relational DBMS
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score8.37
Rank#48  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.cockroachlabs.comduckdb.orggreenplum.orgtrafodion.apache.org
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docsduckdb.org/­docsdocs.greenplum.orgtrafodion.apache.org/­documentation.html
Developer4D, IncCockroach LabsPivotal Software Inc.Apache Software Foundation, originally developed by HP
Initial release19842015201820052014
Current releasev20, April 202323.1.1, May 20230.10, February 20247.0.0, September 20232.3.0, February 2019
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availableOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoC++C++, Java
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
server-lessLinuxLinux
Data schemeyesdynamic schemayesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyes infosince Version 4.2no
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLyesyesyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBCArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
C
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
C
Java
Perl
Python
R
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/ADO.Net
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnonoyesJava Stored Procedures
Triggersyesnonoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTnoneShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication using RAFTnoneSource-replica replicationyes, via HBase
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyesyes infovia user defined functions and HBase
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsRole-based access controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCockroachDBDuckDBGreenplumTrafodion
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