DBMS > 4D vs. Citus vs. Hazelcast vs. LMDB vs. MySQL

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Citus vs. Hazelcast vs. LMDB vs. MySQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Scalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQL

A widely adopted in-memory data grid

A high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database library

Widely used open source RDBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Key/Value like access via memcached API

Secondary database models

Document store

JSON support with IMDG 3.12

Document store
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	2.21
Rank	#118	Overall
	#56	Relational DBMS

Score	5.97
Rank	#57	Overall
	#6	Key-value stores

Score	1.99
Rank	#125	Overall
	#21	Key-value stores

Score	1083.74
Rank	#2	Overall
	#2	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

www.citusdata.com

hazelcast.com

www.symas.com/symas-embedded-database-lmdb

www.mysql.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

docs.citusdata.com

hazelcast.org/imdg/docs

www.lmdb.tech/doc

dev.mysql.com/doc

Developer

4D, Inc

Hazelcast

Symas

Oracle

since 2010, originally MySQL AB, then Sun

Initial release

1984

2010

2008

2011

1995

Current release

v20, April 2023

8.1, December 2018

5.3.6, November 2023

0.9.32, January 2024

8.4.0, April 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

AGPL, commercial license also available

Open Source

Apache Version 2; commercial licenses available

Open Source

GPL version 2. Commercial licenses with extended functionallity are available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

Java

C and C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
Unix
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML type available, but no XML query functionality

yes

the object must implement a serialization strategy

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

standard, with numerous extensions

SQL-like query language

yes

with proprietary extensions

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

JCache
JPA
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

.Net
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala

.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

yes

Event Listeners, Executor Services

yes

proprietary syntax

Triggers

yes

Events

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

none

horizontal partitioning, sharding with MySQL Cluster or MySQL Fabric

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

yes

Replicated Map

none

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency selectable by user

Raft Consensus Algorithm

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

one or two-phase-commit; repeatable reads; read commited

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

table locks or row locks depending on storage engine

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Role-based access control

Users with fine-grained authorization concept

no user groups or roles

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