DBMS > 4D vs. Citus vs. H2 vs. ObjectBox vs. Oracle Coherence

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Citus vs. H2 vs. ObjectBox vs. Oracle Coherence

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Scalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQL

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Extremely fast embedded database for small devices, IoT and Mobile

Oracles in-memory data grid solution

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Object oriented DBMS

Key-value store

Secondary database models

Document store

Spatial DBMS

Time Series DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	2.15
Rank	#117	Overall
	#56	Relational DBMS

Score	8.33
Rank	#46	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	1.29
Rank	#166	Overall
	#5	Object oriented DBMS

Score	1.97
Rank	#129	Overall
	#22	Key-value stores

Website

www.oracle.com/java/coherence

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

docs.citusdata.com

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

docs.objectbox.io

docs.oracle.com/en/middleware/standalone/coherence

Developer

4D, Inc

Thomas Mueller

ObjectBox Limited

Oracle

Initial release

1984

2010

2005

2017

2007

Current release

v20, April 2023

8.1, December 2018

2.2.220, July 2023

14.1, August 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

AGPL, commercial license also available

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

Apache License 2.0

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

C and C++

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux

All OS with a Java VM

Android
iOS
Linux
macOS
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML type available, but no XML query functionality

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

standard, with numerous extensions

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

JDBC
ODBC

Proprietary native API

JCache
JPA
RESTful HTTP API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

Java

C
C++
Dart
Go
Java
JavaScript

planned (as of Jan 2019)
Kotlin
Python

planned (as of Jan 2019)
Swift

.Net
C++
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Triggers

yes

Live Events

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

online/offline synchronization between client and server

yes, with selectable consistency level

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

configurable

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

optionally

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

authentification to access the cache via certificates or http basic authentication

More information provided by the system vendor

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking
2 March 2016, Paul Andlinger

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