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DBMS > 4D vs. Citus vs. H2 vs. Immudb vs. ObjectBox

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Citus vs. H2 vs. Immudb vs. ObjectBox

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonObjectBox  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.Lightweight, fast on-device database for IoT, Mobile and Embedded devices, persisting and synchronising objects and vectors
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeObject oriented DBMS
Vector DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeSpatial DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score2.15
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score0.31
Rank#295  Overall
#42  Key-value stores
Score1.29
Rank#166  Overall
#5  Object oriented DBMS
#7  Vector DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.citusdata.comwww.h2database.comgithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
github.com/­objectbox
objectbox.io
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.citusdata.comwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.immudb.iodocs.objectbox.io
Developer4D, IncThomas MuellerCodenotaryObjectBox Limited
Initial release19842010200520202017
Current releasev20, April 20238.1, December 20182.2.220, July 20231.2.3, April 20224.0 (May 2024)
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoApache Version 2.0Bindings are released under Apache 2.0 infoApache License 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCJavaGoC and C++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
LinuxAll OS with a Java VMBSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Android
Any POSIX system
Docker
iOS
Linux
macOS
QNX
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes, plus "flex" map-like types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyesSQL-like syntaxno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBC
ODBC
gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Proprietary native API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Java.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C++
Dart (Flutter)
Go
Java
Kotlin
Python
Swift
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsnono
Triggersyesyesyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingnoneShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseData sync between devices allowing occasional connected databases to work completely offline
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCitusH2ImmudbObjectBox
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4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCitusH2ImmudbObjectBox
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