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DBMS > 4D vs. Citus vs. Geode vs. GraphDB vs. KeyDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Citus vs. Geode vs. GraphDB vs. KeyDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonGeode  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonKeyDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLGeode is a distributed data container, pooling memory, CPU, network resources, and optionally local disk across multiple processesEnterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.An ultra-fast, open source Key-value store fully compatible with Redis API, modules, and protocols
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeGraph DBMS
RDF store
Key-value store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score1.92
Rank#131  Overall
#23  Key-value stores
Score3.32
Rank#91  Overall
#6  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score0.71
Rank#226  Overall
#33  Key-value stores
Websitewww.4d.comwww.citusdata.comgeode.apache.orgwww.ontotext.comgithub.com/­Snapchat/­KeyDB
keydb.dev
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.citusdata.comgeode.apache.org/­docsgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationdocs.keydb.dev
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
Developer4D, IncOriginally developed by Gemstone. They outsourced the project to Apache in 2015 but still deliver a commercial version as Gemfire.OntotextEQ Alpha Technology Ltd.
Initial release19842010200220002019
Current releasev20, April 20238.1, December 20181.1, February 201710.4, October 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2; commercial licenses available as Gemfirecommercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedOpen Source infoBSD-3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCJavaJavaC++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
LinuxAll OS with a Java VM infothe JDK (8 or later) is also requiredAll OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyespartial infoSupported data types are strings, hashes, lists, sets and sorted sets, bit arrays, hyperloglogs and geospatial indexes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynonono
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesyes infoby using the Redis Search module
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes infostandard, with numerous extensionsSQL-like query language (OQL)stored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Java Client API
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API
GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
Proprietary protocol infoRESP - REdis Serialization Protoco
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
All JVM based languages
C++
Groovy
Java
Scala
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Crystal
D
Dart
Elixir
Erlang
Fancy
Go
Haskell
Haxe
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Pascal
Perl
PHP
Prolog
Pure Data
Python
R
Rebol
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Swift
Tcl
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.user defined functionswell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityLua
Triggersyesyesyes infoCache Event Listenersnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingnoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replicationMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Eventual Consistency
Strong eventual consistency with CRDTs
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnoyes infoConstraint checkingno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDyes, on a single nodeACIDOptimistic locking, atomic execution of commands blocks and scripts
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoConfigurable mechanisms for persistency via snapshots and/or operations logs
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights per client and object definableDefault Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.simple password-based access control and ACL
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCitusGeodeGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMKeyDB
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
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