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DBMS > 4D vs. Citus vs. Cloudflare Workers KV vs. EXASOL vs. H2

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Citus vs. Cloudflare Workers KV vs. EXASOL vs. H2

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonCloudflare Workers KV  Xexclude from comparisonEXASOL  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLA global, low-latency, key-value store for applications on Cloudflare with exceptionally high read volumes and low-latency.High-performance, in-memory, MPP database specifically designed for in-memory analytics.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score2.15
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score0.39
Rank#274  Overall
#39  Key-value stores
Score1.76
Rank#139  Overall
#62  Relational DBMS
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.citusdata.comwww.cloudflare.com/­developer-platform/­workers-kvwww.exasol.comwww.h2database.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.citusdata.comdevelopers.cloudflare.com/­kv/­apiwww.exasol.com/­resourceswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.html
Developer4D, IncCloudflareExasolThomas Mueller
Initial release19842010201820002005
Current releasev20, April 20238.1, December 20182.2.220, July 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availablecommercialcommercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
LinuxhostedAll OS with a Java VM
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynonono
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes infostandard, with numerous extensionsnoyesyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP REST
Proprietary protocol
.Net
JDBC
ODBC
WebSocket
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C++
Dart
JavaScript
Kotlin
Python
Rust
Scala
Java
Lua
Python
R
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.nouser defined functionsJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions
Triggersyesyesnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes infoHadoop integrationno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCitusCloudflare Workers KVEXASOLH2
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