DBMS > 4D vs. BigchainDB vs. ClickHouse vs. dBASE vs. Ingres

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. BigchainDB vs. ClickHouse vs. dBASE vs. Ingres

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

BigchainDB is scalable blockchain database offering decentralization, immutability and native assets

A high-performance, column-oriented SQL DBMS for online analytical processing (OLAP) that uses all available system resources to their full potential to process each analytical query as fast as possible. It is available as both an open-source software and a cloud offering.

dBase was one of the first databases with a development environment on PC's. Its latest version dBase V is still sold as dBase classic, which needs a DOS Emulation. The up-to-date product is dBase plus.

Well established RDBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Time Series DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	0.85
Rank	#208	Overall
	#35	Document stores

Score	15.55
Rank	#38	Overall
	#23	Relational DBMS

Score	9.70
Rank	#44	Overall
	#28	Relational DBMS

Score	3.80
Rank	#82	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Website

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

bigchaindb.readthedocs.io/en/latest

clickhouse.com/docs

www.dbase.com/support/knowledgebase

docs.actian.com/ingres

Developer

4D, Inc

Clickhouse Inc.

Asthon Tate

Actian Corporation

Initial release

1984

2016

1979

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

Current release

v20, April 2023

v24.4.1.2088-stable, May 2024

dBASE 2019, 2019

11.2, May 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

AGPL v3

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Aiven for Clickhouse: Managed cloud data warehousing with high-speed analytics.
DoubleCloud: Fully managed ClickHouse alongside best-in-class managed open-source services to build analytics at scale.
ClickHouse Cloud: Get the performance you love from open source ClickHouse in a serverless offering that takes care of the details so you can spend more time getting insight out of the fastest database on earth.

Implementation language

Python

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux

FreeBSD
Linux
macOS

DOS

dBase Classic
Windows

dBase Pro

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

Close to ANSI SQL (SQL/JSON + extensions)

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

CLI Client
RESTful HTTP API

gRPC
HTTP REST
JDBC
MySQL wire protocol
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Proprietary protocol

none

The IDE can access other DBMS or ODBC-sources.

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

3rd party library
C++
Elixir

3rd party library
Go

3rd party library
Java

3rd party library
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party library
Kotlin

3rd party library
Nim

3rd party library
Perl

3rd party library
PHP

3rd party library
Python

3rd party library
R

3rd party library
Ruby

3rd party library
Rust
Scala

3rd party library

dBase proprietary IDE

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

The IDE can access stored procedures in other database systems.

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

key based and custom

none

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

selectable replication factor

Asynchronous and synchronous physical replication; geographically distributed replicas; support for object storages.

none

Ingres Replicator

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

not for dBase internal data, but IDE does support transactions when accessing external DBMS

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes,with MongoDB ord RethinkDB

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

yes

Access rights for users and roles. Column and row based policies. Quotas and resource limits. Pluggable authentication with LDAP and Kerberos. Password based, X.509 certificate, and SSH key authentication.

Access rights for users and roles

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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