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DBMS > 4D vs. BigObject vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. BigObject vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonBigObject  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAnalytic DBMS for real-time computations and queriesGlobally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceFully managed big data interactive analytics platformA general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infoa hierachical model (tree) can be imposedDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMS infocolumn orientedDocument store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score0.19
Rank#329  Overall
#146  Relational DBMS
Score27.71
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score0.18
Rank#332  Overall
#46  Document stores
Websitewww.4d.combigobject.ioazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorergithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.bigobject.iolearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dbdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerwww.xtdb.com/­docs
Developer4D, IncBigObject, Inc.MicrosoftMicrosoftJuxt Ltd.
Initial release19842015201420192019
Current releasev20, April 2023cloud service with continuous releases1.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infofree community edition availablecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageClojure
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux infodistributed as a docker-image
OS X infodistributed as a docker-image (boot2docker)
Windows infodistributed as a docker-image (boot2docker)
hostedhostedAll OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infoJSON typesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like DML and DDL statementsSQL-like query languageKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetlimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
fluentd
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesLuaJavaScriptYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rno
TriggersyesnoJavaScriptyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationnoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonowith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*Spark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencynoneBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infoautomatically between fact table and dimension tablesnonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infoRead/write lock on objects (tables, trees)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsnoAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelAzure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionBigObjectMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerXTDB infoformerly named Crux
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