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DBMS > 4D vs. BigObject vs. FoundationDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. BigObject vs. FoundationDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonBigObject  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAnalytic DBMS for real-time computations and queriesOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infoa hierachical model (tree) can be imposedDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score0.19
Rank#329  Overall
#146  Relational DBMS
Score1.06
Rank#185  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#85  Relational DBMS
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.combigobject.iogithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbcloud.google.com/­spanner
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.bigobject.ioapple.github.io/­foundationdbcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docs
Developer4D, IncBigObject, Inc.FoundationDBGoogle
Initial release1984201520132017
Current releasev20, April 20236.2.28, November 2020
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infofree community edition availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux infodistributed as a docker-image
OS X infodistributed as a docker-image (boot2docker)
Windows infodistributed as a docker-image (boot2docker)
Linux
OS X
Windows
hosted
Data schemeyesyesschema-free infosome layers support schemasyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesno infosome layers support typingyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like DML and DDL statementssupported in specific SQL layer onlyyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
fluentd
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesLuain SQL-layer onlyno
Triggersyesnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationnoneyesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflow
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencynoneLinearizable consistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infoautomatically between fact table and dimension tablesin SQL-layer onlyyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrity
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolation
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infoRead/write lock on objects (tables, trees)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsnonoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionBigObjectFoundationDBGoogle Cloud Spanner
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