DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Cassandra vs. ArangoDB vs. Graph Engine

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Cassandra vs. ArangoDB vs. Graph Engine

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Wide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB

Optimized for write access

Native multi-model DBMS for graph, document, key/value and search. All in one engine and accessible with one query language.

A distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engine

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Wide column store

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Search engine

Graph DBMS
Key-value store

Secondary database models

Vector DBMS

starting with release V5

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.37
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	98.94
Rank	#11	Overall
	#1	Wide column stores

Score	3.30
Rank	#82	Overall
	#14	Document stores
	#5	Graph DBMS
	#10	Key-value stores
	#10	Search engines

Score	0.56
Rank	#241	Overall
	#21	Graph DBMS
	#34	Key-value stores

Website

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest

docs.arangodb.com

www.graphengine.io/docs/manual

Social network pages

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top level project, originally developped by Facebook

ArangoDB Inc.

Microsoft

Initial release

1984

2008

2012

2010

Current release

v20, April 2023

5.0-rc1, July 2024

3.11.5, November 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

Apache Version 2; Commercial license (Enterprise) available

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.

ArangoDB Cloud –The Managed Cloud Service of ArangoDB. Provides fully managed, and monitored cluster deployments of any size, with enterprise-grade security. Get started for free and continue for as little as $0,21/hour.

Implementation language

Java

C++

.NET and C

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

.NET

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

automatically recognizes schema within a collection

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, double, boolean, list, hash

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

restricted

only equality queries, not always the best performing solution

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

Proprietary protocol

CQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift

AQL
Foxx Framework
Graph API (Gremlin)
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Java & SpringData
JSON style queries
VelocyPack/VelocyStream

RESTful HTTP API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

C#
C++
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Rust

C#
C++
F#
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

JavaScript

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

no "single point of failure"

Sharding

since version 2.0

horizontal partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

selectable replication factor

Representation of geographical distribution of servers is possible

Source-replica replication with configurable replication factor

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

can be done with stored procedures in JavaScript

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

can be individually decided for each write operation

Eventual Consistency

configurable per collection or per write
Immediate Consistency
OneShard (highly available, fault-tolerant deployment mode with ACID semantics)

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Atomicity and isolation are supported for single operations

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

optional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storage

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access rights for users can be defined per object

yes

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Apache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more

Graph and Beyond. With more than 11,000 stargazers on GitHub, ArangoDB is the leading...
» more

Competitive advantages

No single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
» more

Consolidation: As a native multi-model database, can be used as a full blown document...
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Typical application scenarios

Internet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
» more

Native multi-model in ArangoDB is being used for a broad range of projects across...
» more

Key customers

Apple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
» more

Cisco, Barclays, Refinitive, Siemens Mentor, Kabbage, Liaison, Douglas, MakeMyTrip,...
» more

Market metrics

Apache Cassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more

ArangoDB is the leading native multi-model database with over 11,000 stargazers on...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

Apache licenseÂ Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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Very permissive Apache 2 License for Community Edition & commercial licenses are...
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.