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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Pinot vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. STSdb vs. TigerGraph

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Pinot vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. STSdb vs. TigerGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache Pinot  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonSTSdb  Xexclude from comparisonTigerGraph  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemRealtime distributed OLAP datastore, designed to answer OLAP queries with low latencyFully managed big data interactive analytics platformKey-Value Store with special method for indexing infooptimized for high performance using a special indexing methodA complete, distributed, parallel graph computing platform supporting web-scale data analytics in real-time
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedKey-value storeGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score0.40
Rank#270  Overall
#125  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score0.04
Rank#360  Overall
#52  Key-value stores
Score1.83
Rank#139  Overall
#13  Graph DBMS
Websitewww.4d.compinot.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorergithub.com/­STSSoft/­STSdb4www.tigergraph.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.pinot.apache.orgdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.tigergraph.com
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation and contributorsMicrosoftSTS Soft SC
Initial release19842015201920112017
Current releasev20, April 20231.0.0, September 2023cloud service with continuous releases4.0.8, September 2015
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, commercial license availablecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaC#C++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java JDK11 or higherhostedWindowsLinux
Data schemeyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes infoprimitive types and user defined types (classes)yes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyesno
Secondary indexesyesall fields are automatically indexedno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like query languageKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetnoSQL-like query language (GSQL)
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBCMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
.NET Client APIGSQL (TigerGraph Query Language)
Kafka
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
Go
Java
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C#
Java
C++
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rnoyes
Triggersyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicynono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioningSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.none
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnonoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAzure Active Directory AuthenticationnoRole-based access control

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache PinotMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerSTSdbTigerGraph
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