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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Pinot vs. CockroachDB vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Pinot vs. CockroachDB vs. ToroDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache Pinot  Xexclude from comparisonCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemRealtime distributed OLAP datastore, designed to answer OLAP queries with low latencyCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.68
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score0.58
Rank#244  Overall
#111  Relational DBMS
Score6.10
Rank#58  Overall
#33  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.compinot.apache.orgwww.cockroachlabs.comgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.pinot.apache.orgwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docs
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation and contributorsCockroach Labs8Kdata
Initial release1984201520152016
Current releasev20, April 20231.0.0, September 202323.1.1, May 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availableOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaGoJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java JDK11 or higherLinux
macOS
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesyesdynamic schemaschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnono
Secondary indexesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like query languageyes, wire compatible with PostgreSQL
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBCJDBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
Go
Java
Python
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesno
Triggersyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioninghorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication using RAFTSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsRole-based access controlAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache PinotCockroachDBToroDB
DB-Engines blog posts

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Recent citations in the news

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29 January 2024, The Register

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6 November 2023, AWS Blog

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5 December 2023, The New Stack

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