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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Phoenix vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. TigerGraph

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Phoenix vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. TigerGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache Phoenix  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonTigerGraph  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemA scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBaseA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerA complete, distributed, parallel graph computing platform supporting web-scale data analytics in real-time
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score2.06
Rank#123  Overall
#58  Relational DBMS
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score1.80
Rank#138  Overall
#13  Graph DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comphoenix.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­spannerazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.tigergraph.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comphoenix.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsdocs.tigergraph.com
Developer4D, IncApache Software FoundationGoogleMicrosoft
Initial release19842014201720162017
Current releasev20, April 20235.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 2019
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialcommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaC++C++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
Unix
Windows
hostedhostedLinux
Data schemeyesyes infolate-bound, schema-on-read capabilitiesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yesyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesSQL-like query language (GSQL)
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBCgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
GSQL (TigerGraph Query Language)
Kafka
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C#
Java
PHP
C++
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functionsnoTransact SQLyes
Triggersyesnononono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingSharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoHadoop integrationyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancyAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)yesRole-based access control

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache PhoenixGoogle Cloud SpannerMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseTigerGraph
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