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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Kylin vs. ToroDB vs. TypeDB vs. YugabyteDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Kylin vs. ToroDB vs. TypeDB vs. YugabyteDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache Kylin  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparisonTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn  Xexclude from comparisonYugabyteDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemA distributed analytics engine for big data, providing a SQL interface and multi-dimensional analysis (OLAP) and leveraging the Hadoop stackA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQLTypeDB is a strongly-typed database with a rich and logical type system and TypeQL as its query languageHigh-performance distributed SQL database for global, internet-scale applications. Wire and feature compatible with PostgreSQL.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument storeGraph DBMS
Relational DBMS infoOften described as a 'hyper-relational' database, since it implements the 'Entity-Relationship Paradigm' to manage complex data structures and ontologies.
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Wide column store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.18
Rank#172  Overall
#79  Relational DBMS
Score0.65
Rank#234  Overall
#20  Graph DBMS
#107  Relational DBMS
Score2.91
Rank#102  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comkylin.apache.orggithub.com/­torodb/­servertypedb.comwww.yugabyte.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comkylin.apache.org/­docstypedb.com/­docsdocs.yugabyte.com
github.com/­yugabyte/­yugabyte-db
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation, originally contributed from eBay Inc8KdataVaticleYugabyte Inc.
Initial release19842015201620162017
Current releasev20, April 20233.1.0, July 20202.26.3, January 20242.19, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoAGPL-V3Open Source infoGPL Version 3, commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
YugabyteDB Managed is the fully managed database-as-a-service offering of YugabyteDB. Get started quickly, and effortlessly ensure continuous availability and limitless scale of your cloud native applications.
Implementation languageJavaJavaJavaC and C++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
LinuxAll OS with a Java 7 VMLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyesdepending on used data model
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_idyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92ANSI SQL for queries (using Apache Calcite)noyes, PostgreSQL compatible
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (Visualisation software- previously TypeDB Workbase)
JDBC
YCQL, an SQL-based flexible-schema API with its roots in Cassandra Query Language
YSQL - a fully relational SQL API that is wire compatible with the SQL language in PostgreSQL
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
All JVM based languages
Groovy
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoyes infosql, plpgsql, C
Triggersyesnonoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingSharding infoby using CassandraHash and Range Sharding, row-level geo-partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationSource-replica replicationMulti-source replication infoby using CassandraBased on Raft distributed consensus protocol, minimum 3 replicas for continuous availability
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesyes infoby using Apache Kafka and Apache Zookeeperno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyStrong consistency on writes and tunable consistency on reads
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnono infosubstituted by the relationship featureyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDDistributed ACID with Serializable & Snapshot Isolation. Inspired by Google Spanner architecture.
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infobased on RocksDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users and rolesyes infoat REST API level; other APIs in progressyes
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache KylinToroDBTypeDB infoformerly named GraknYugabyteDB
Specific characteristicsTypeDB is a polymorphic database with a conceptual data model, a strong subtyping...
» more
YugabyteDB is an open source distributed SQL database for cloud native transactional...
» more
Competitive advantagesTypeDB provides a new level of expressivity, extensibility, interoperability, and...
» more
PostgreSQL compatible: Get instantly productive with a PostgreSQL compatible RDBMS....
» more
Typical application scenariosLife sciences : TypeDB makes working with biological data much easier and accelerates...
» more
Systems of record and engagement for cloud native applications that require resilience,...
» more
Market metrics2 Million+ lifetime clusters deployed, 6.5K+ GitHub stars, 7K YugabyteDB Community...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
» more
Apache 2.0 license for the database
» more

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache KylinToroDBTypeDB infoformerly named GraknYugabyteDB
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