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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Kylin vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. TerminusDB vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Kylin vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. TerminusDB vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache Kylin  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemist  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemA distributed analytics engine for big data, providing a SQL interface and multi-dimensional analysis (OLAP) and leveraging the Hadoop stackElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerScalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationshipsA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
RDF store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.18
Rank#172  Overall
#79  Relational DBMS
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score0.17
Rank#325  Overall
#29  Graph DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comkylin.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticsterminusdb.comgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comkylin.apache.org/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsterminusdb.github.io/­terminusdb/­#
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation, originally contributed from eBay IncMicrosoftDataChemist Ltd.8Kdata
Initial release19842015201620182016
Current releasev20, April 20233.1.0, July 202011.0.0, January 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialOpen Source infoGPL V3Open Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++Prolog, RustJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
LinuxhostedLinuxAll OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesyesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92ANSI SQL for queries (using Apache Calcite)yesSQL-like query language (WOQL)
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OWL
RESTful HTTP API
WOQL (Web Object Query Language)
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
Java
PHP
JavaScript
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesTransact SQLyes
Triggersyesnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding, horizontal partitioningGraph PartitioningSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyesJournaling StreamsSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoin-memory journalingyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsyesRole-based access controlAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache KylinMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemistToroDB
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