DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Kylin vs. Immudb vs. Stardog vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Kylin vs. Immudb vs. Stardog vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

A distributed analytics engine for big data, providing a SQL interface and multi-dimensional analysis (OLAP) and leveraging the Hadoop stack

An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.18
Rank	#172	Overall
	#79	Relational DBMS

Score	0.24
Rank	#305	Overall
	#43	Key-value stores

Score	2.02
Rank	#123	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Website

www.4d.com

kylin.apache.org

github.com/codenotary/immudb
immudb.io

www.stardog.com

github.com/torodb/server

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

kylin.apache.org/docs

docs.immudb.io

docs.stardog.com

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation, originally contributed from eBay Inc

Codenotary

Stardog-Union

8Kdata

Initial release

1984

2015

2020

2010

2016

Current release

v20, April 2023

3.1.0, July 2020

1.2.3, April 2022

7.3.0, May 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Open Source

AGPL-V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux

BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux
macOS
Windows

All OS with a Java 7 VM

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

ANSI SQL for queries (using Apache Calcite)

SQL-like syntax

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

Triggers

yes

via event handlers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access rights for users and roles

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking
2 March 2016, Paul Andlinger

show all

Recent citations in the news

Overhauling Apache Kylin for the cloud
18 November 2021, InfoWorld

eBay's Kylin Becomes a Top-Level Apache Open Source Project
9 December 2015, eBay Inc.

The Apache Software Foundation Announces Apache™ Kylin™ as a Top-Level Project
8 December 2015, GlobeNewswire

Bringing interactive BI to big data – O'Reilly
1 May 2017, oreilly.com

Distributed OLAPer Kyligence accelerates core engine, adds real-time data support – Blocks and Files
10 August 2021, Blocks & Files

provided by Google News

Codenotary brings its immutable database to the cloud
21 June 2023, TechCrunch

Immudb: Open-source database, built on a zero trust model
17 December 2021, Help Net Security

ImmuDB and Codenotary: It's a database, but the company isn't
20 December 2021, ZDNet

immudb (immutable database) 'tamper-proof' database - Open Source Insider
14 December 2021, ComputerWeekly.com

Storage news ticker – November 15 – Blocks and Files
15 November 2021, Blocks & Files

provided by Google News

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