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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Kylin vs. Immudb vs. RavenDB vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Kylin vs. Immudb vs. RavenDB vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache Kylin  Xexclude from comparisonImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonRavenDB  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemA distributed analytics engine for big data, providing a SQL interface and multi-dimensional analysis (OLAP) and leveraging the Hadoop stackAn open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.Open Source Operational and Transactional Enterprise NoSQL Document DatabaseA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeDocument storeDocument store
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.18
Rank#172  Overall
#79  Relational DBMS
Score0.24
Rank#305  Overall
#43  Key-value stores
Score2.92
Rank#101  Overall
#18  Document stores
Websitewww.4d.comkylin.apache.orggithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
ravendb.netgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comkylin.apache.org/­docsdocs.immudb.ioravendb.net/­docs
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation, originally contributed from eBay IncCodenotaryHibernating Rhinos8Kdata
Initial release19842015202020102016
Current releasev20, April 20233.1.0, July 20201.2.3, April 20225.4, July 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoAGPL version 3, commercial license availableOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaGoC#Java
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
LinuxBSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Linux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92ANSI SQL for queries (using Apache Calcite)SQL-like syntaxSQL-like query language (RQL)
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
.NET Client API
F# Client API
Go Client API
Java Client API
NodeJS Client API
PHP Client API
Python Client API
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
F#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoyes
Triggersyesnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replicationSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyDefault ACID transactions on the local node (eventually consistent across the cluster). Atomic operations with cluster-wide ACID transactions. Eventual consistency for indexes and full-text search indexes.Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID, Cluster-wide transaction availableno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAuthorization levels configured per client per databaseAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache KylinImmudbRavenDBToroDB
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