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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Kylin vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. Titan vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Kylin vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. Titan vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache Kylin  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Datastore  Xexclude from comparisonTitan  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemA distributed analytics engine for big data, providing a SQL interface and multi-dimensional analysis (OLAP) and leveraging the Hadoop stackAutomatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud PlatformTitan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument storeGraph DBMSDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.18
Rank#172  Overall
#79  Relational DBMS
Score4.47
Rank#76  Overall
#12  Document stores
Websitewww.4d.comkylin.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­datastoregithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titangithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comkylin.apache.org/­docscloud.google.com/­datastore/­docsgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan/­wiki
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation, originally contributed from eBay IncGoogleAurelius, owned by DataStax8Kdata
Initial release19842015200820122016
Current releasev20, April 20233.1.0, July 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialOpen Source infoApache license, version 2.0Open Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaJavaJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
LinuxhostedLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes, details hereyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92ANSI SQL for queries (using Apache Calcite)SQL-like query language (GQL)no
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Clojure
Java
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesusing Google App Engineyes
TriggersyesCallbacks using the Google Apps Engineyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingyes infovia pluggable storage backendsSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication using PaxosyesSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowyes infovia Faunus, a graph analytics engine
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration infoStrong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infovia ReferenceProperties or Ancestor pathsyes infoRelationships in graphno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoSerializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of TransactionsACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoSupports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcastyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)User authentification and security via Rexster Graph ServerAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache KylinGoogle Cloud DatastoreTitanToroDB
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