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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Kylin vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. Immudb vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Kylin vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. Immudb vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache Kylin  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Datastore  Xexclude from comparisonImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemA distributed analytics engine for big data, providing a SQL interface and multi-dimensional analysis (OLAP) and leveraging the Hadoop stackAutomatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud PlatformAn open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument storeKey-value storeDocument store
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.18
Rank#172  Overall
#79  Relational DBMS
Score4.47
Rank#76  Overall
#12  Document stores
Score0.24
Rank#305  Overall
#43  Key-value stores
Websitewww.4d.comkylin.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­datastoregithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
github.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comkylin.apache.org/­docscloud.google.com/­datastore/­docsdocs.immudb.io
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation, originally contributed from eBay IncGoogleCodenotary8Kdata
Initial release19842015200820202016
Current releasev20, April 20233.1.0, July 20201.2.3, April 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaGoJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
LinuxhostedBSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes, details hereyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92ANSI SQL for queries (using Apache Calcite)SQL-like query language (GQL)SQL-like syntax
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesusing Google App Engineno
TriggersyesCallbacks using the Google Apps Enginenono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication using PaxosSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration infoStrong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infovia ReferenceProperties or Ancestor pathsnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoSerializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of TransactionsACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users and roles

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache KylinGoogle Cloud DatastoreImmudbToroDB
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