DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Kylin vs. ClickHouse vs. LevelDB vs. RDFox

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Kylin vs. ClickHouse vs. LevelDB vs. RDFox

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

A distributed analytics engine for big data, providing a SQL interface and multi-dimensional analysis (OLAP) and leveraging the Hadoop stack

A high-performance, column-oriented SQL DBMS for online analytical processing (OLAP) that uses all available system resources to their full potential to process each analytical query as fast as possible. It is available as both an open-source software and a cloud offering.

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

High performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engine

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Secondary database models

Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.18
Rank	#172	Overall
	#79	Relational DBMS

Score	16.34
Rank	#38	Overall
	#23	Relational DBMS

Score	2.35
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	0.23
Rank	#308	Overall
	#25	Graph DBMS
	#14	RDF stores

Website

www.4d.com

kylin.apache.org

clickhouse.com

github.com/google/leveldb

www.oxfordsemantic.tech

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

kylin.apache.org/docs

clickhouse.com/docs

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

docs.oxfordsemantic.tech

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation, originally contributed from eBay Inc

Clickhouse Inc.

Google

Oxford Semantic Technologies

Initial release

1984

2015

2016

2011

2017

Current release

v20, April 2023

3.1.0, July 2020

v24.4.1.2088-stable, May 2024

1.23, February 2021

6.0, Septermber 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

BSD

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux

FreeBSD
Linux
macOS

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

RDF schemas

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

ANSI SQL for queries (using Apache Calcite)

Close to ANSI SQL (SQL/JSON + extensions)

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

gRPC
HTTP REST
JDBC
MySQL wire protocol
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Proprietary protocol

RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

3rd party library
C++
Elixir

3rd party library
Go

3rd party library
Java

3rd party library
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party library
Kotlin

3rd party library
Nim

3rd party library
Perl

3rd party library
PHP

3rd party library
Python

3rd party library
R

3rd party library
Ruby

3rd party library
Rust
Scala

3rd party library

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

C
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

key based and custom

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Asynchronous and synchronous physical replication; geographically distributed replicas; support for object storages.

none

replication via a shared file system

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setups

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access rights for users and roles. Column and row based policies. Quotas and resource limits. Pluggable authentication with LDAP and Kerberos. Password based, X.509 certificate, and SSH key authentication.

Roles, resources, and access types

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