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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. eXtremeDB vs. TimesTen vs. TypeDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. eXtremeDB vs. TimesTen vs. TypeDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisoneXtremeDB  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparisonTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkNatively in-memory DBMS with options for persistency, high-availability and clusteringIn-Memory RDBMS compatible to OracleTypeDB is a strongly-typed database with a rich and logical type system and TypeQL as its query language
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Relational DBMSGraph DBMS
Relational DBMS infoOften described as a 'hyper-relational' database, since it implements the 'Entity-Relationship Paradigm' to manage complex data structures and ontologies.
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.18
Rank#173  Overall
#15  Time Series DBMS
Score0.74
Rank#223  Overall
#103  Relational DBMS
#18  Time Series DBMS
Score1.31
Rank#163  Overall
#74  Relational DBMS
Score0.65
Rank#234  Overall
#20  Graph DBMS
#107  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comiotdb.apache.orgwww.mcobject.comwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.htmltypedb.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmlwww.mcobject.com/­docs/­extremedb.htmdocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1typedb.com/­docs
Developer4D, IncApache Software FoundationMcObjectOracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005Vaticle
Initial release19842018200119982016
Current releasev20, April 20231.1.0, April 20238.2, 202111 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)2.26.3, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialcommercialOpen Source infoGPL Version 3, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC and C++Java
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)AIX
HP-UX
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnono infosupport of XML interfaces availablenono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like query languageyes infowith the option: eXtremeSQLyesno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
Native API
.NET Client API
JDBC
JNI
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (Visualisation software- previously TypeDB Workbase)
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
Lua
Python
Scala
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
All JVM based languages
Groovy
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyesyesPL/SQLno
Triggersyesyesyes infoby defining eventsnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)horizontal partitioning / shardingnoneSharding infoby using Cassandra
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasActive Replication Fabricâ„¢ for IoT
Multi-source replication infoby means of eXtremeDB Cluster option
Source-replica replication infoby means of eXtremeDB High Availability option
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replication infoby using Cassandra
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoIntegration with Hadoop and Sparknonoyes infoby using Apache Kafka and Apache Zookeeper
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesyesno infosubstituted by the relationship feature
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infoOptimistic (MVCC) and pessimistic (locking) strategies availableyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpointsyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsyesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes infoat REST API level; other APIs in progress
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache IoTDBeXtremeDBTimesTenTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
Specific characteristicseXtremeDB is an in-memory and/or persistent database system that offers an ultra-small...
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TypeDB is a polymorphic database with a conceptual data model, a strong subtyping...
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Competitive advantageseXtremeDB databases can be modeled relationally or as objects and can utilize SQL...
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TypeDB provides a new level of expressivity, extensibility, interoperability, and...
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Typical application scenariosIoT application across all markets: Industrial Control, Netcom, Telecom, Defense,...
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Life sciences : TypeDB makes working with biological data much easier and accelerates...
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Key customersSchneider Electronics, F5 Networks, TNS, Boeing, Northrop Grumman, GoPro, ViaSat,...
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Market metricsWith hundreds of customers and over 30 million devices/applications using the product...
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Licensing and pricing modelsFor server use cases, there is a simple per-server license irrespective of the number...
» more
Apache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
» more

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache IoTDBeXtremeDBTimesTenTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
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