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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. Memcached vs. ToroDB vs. TypeDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. Memcached vs. ToroDB vs. TypeDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonMemcached  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparisonTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkIn-memory key-value store, originally intended for cachingA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQLTypeDB is a strongly-typed database with a rich and logical type system and TypeQL as its query language
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSKey-value storeDocument storeGraph DBMS
Relational DBMS infoOften described as a 'hyper-relational' database, since it implements the 'Entity-Relationship Paradigm' to manage complex data structures and ontologies.
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.31
Rank#164  Overall
#14  Time Series DBMS
Score18.08
Rank#32  Overall
#4  Key-value stores
Score0.70
Rank#230  Overall
#20  Graph DBMS
#106  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comiotdb.apache.orgwww.memcached.orggithub.com/­torodb/­servertypedb.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmlgithub.com/­memcached/­memcached/­wikitypedb.com/­docs
Developer4D, IncApache Software FoundationDanga Interactive infooriginally developed by Brad Fitzpatrick for LiveJournal8KdataVaticle
Initial release19842018200320162016
Current releasev20, April 20231.1.0, April 20231.6.27, May 20242.26.3, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoBSD licenseOpen Source infoAGPL-V3Open Source infoGPL Version 3, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaCJavaJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VMLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_idyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like query languagenono
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
Native API
Proprietary protocolgRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (Visualisation software- previously TypeDB Workbase)
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
.Net
C
C++
ColdFusion
Erlang
Java
Lisp
Lua
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
All JVM based languages
Groovy
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyesnono
Triggersyesyesnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)noneShardingSharding infoby using Cassandra
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasnone infoRepcached, a Memcached patch, provides this functionallitySource-replica replicationMulti-source replication infoby using Cassandra
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoIntegration with Hadoop and Sparknoyes infoby using Apache Kafka and Apache Zookeeper
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononono infosubstituted by the relationship feature
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnononoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesnoyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsyesyes infousing SASL (Simple Authentication and Security Layer) protocolAccess rights for users and rolesyes infoat REST API level; other APIs in progress
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache IoTDBMemcachedToroDBTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
Specific characteristicsTypeDB is a polymorphic database with a conceptual data model, a strong subtyping...
» more
Competitive advantagesTypeDB provides a new level of expressivity, extensibility, interoperability, and...
» more
Typical application scenariosLife sciences : TypeDB makes working with biological data much easier and accelerates...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
» more

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache IoTDBMemcachedToroDBTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
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