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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. Memcached vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. Memcached vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonMemcached  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkIn-memory key-value store, originally intended for cachingElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.31
Rank#164  Overall
#14  Time Series DBMS
Score18.08
Rank#32  Overall
#4  Key-value stores
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comiotdb.apache.orgwww.memcached.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticsgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmlgithub.com/­memcached/­memcached/­wikidocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analytics
Developer4D, IncApache Software FoundationDanga Interactive infooriginally developed by Brad Fitzpatrick for LiveJournalMicrosoft8Kdata
Initial release19842018200320162016
Current releasev20, April 20231.1.0, April 20231.6.27, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoBSD licensecommercialOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaCC++Java
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
hostedAll OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like query languagenoyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
Native API
Proprietary protocolADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
.Net
C
C++
ColdFusion
Erlang
Java
Lisp
Lua
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
Java
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyesnoTransact SQL
Triggersyesyesnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)noneSharding, horizontal partitioningSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasnone infoRepcached, a Memcached patch, provides this functionallityyesSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoIntegration with Hadoop and Sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnonoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesnoyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsyesyes infousing SASL (Simple Authentication and Security Layer) protocolyesAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache IoTDBMemcachedMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseToroDB
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