DBMS > 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. MaxDB vs. TimesTen vs. YugabyteDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. MaxDB vs. TimesTen vs. YugabyteDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

An IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and Flink

A robust and reliable RDBMS optimized to run all major SAP solutions

In-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle

High-performance distributed SQL database for global, internet-scale applications. Wire and feature compatible with PostgreSQL.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Wide column store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.68
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.19
Rank	#176	Overall
	#15	Time Series DBMS

Score	2.65
Rank	#111	Overall
	#55	Relational DBMS

Score	1.35
Rank	#165	Overall
	#75	Relational DBMS

Score	3.11
Rank	#99	Overall
	#51	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

iotdb.apache.org

maxdb.sap.com

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/timesten.html

www.yugabyte.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

iotdb.apache.org/UserGuide/Master/QuickStart/QuickStart.html

maxdb.sap.com/documentation

docs.oracle.com/database/timesten-18.1

docs.yugabyte.com
github.com/yugabyte/yugabyte-db

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation

SAP, acquired from Software AG (Adabas-D) in 1997

Oracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP

originally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005

Yugabyte Inc.

Initial release

1984

2018

1984

1998

2017

Current release

v20, April 2023

1.1.0, April 2023

7.9.10.12, February 2024

11 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)

2.19, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Limited community edition free

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

YugabyteDB Managed is the fully managed database-as-a-service offering of YugabyteDB. Get started quickly, and effortlessly ensure continuous availability and limitless scale of your cloud native applications.

Implementation language

Java

C++

C and C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows

Linux
OS X

Data scheme

yes

depending on used data model

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like query language

yes

yes, PostgreSQL compatible

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
Native API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
WebDAV

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

JDBC
YCQL, an SQL-based flexible-schema API with its roots in Cassandra Query Language
YSQL - a fully relational SQL API that is wire compatible with the SQL language in PostgreSQL

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala

.Net
C#
Java
Perl
PHP
Python

C
C++
Java
PL/SQL

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

PL/SQL

yes

sql, plpgsql, C

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)

none

Hash and Range Sharding, row-level geo-partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

selectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicas

Source-replica replication

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Based on Raft distributed consensus protocol, minimum 3 replicas for continuous availability

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Integration with Hadoop and Spark

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Strong consistency on writes and tunable consistency on reads

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Distributed ACID with Serializable & Snapshot Isolation. Inspired by Google Spanner architecture.

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

by means of logfiles and checkpoints

yes

based on RocksDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

yes

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

YugabyteDB is an open source distributed SQL database for cloud native transactional...
» more

Competitive advantages

PostgreSQL compatible: Get instantly productive with a PostgreSQL compatible RDBMS....
» more

Typical application scenarios

Systems of record and engagement for cloud native applications that require resilience,...
» more

Market metrics

2 Million+ lifetime clusters deployed, 6.5K+ GitHub stars, 7K YugabyteDB Community...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

Apache 2.0 license for the database
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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