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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. Lovefield vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. Lovefield vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonLovefield  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Table Storage  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkEmbeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScriptGlobally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceA Wide Column Store for rapid development using massive semi-structured datasets
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Wide column store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.27
Rank#112  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.39
Rank#155  Overall
#14  Time Series DBMS
Score0.22
Rank#302  Overall
#137  Relational DBMS
Score24.50
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score3.25
Rank#84  Overall
#7  Wide column stores
Websitewww.4d.comiotdb.apache.orggoogle.github.io/­lovefieldazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­services/­storage/­tables
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmlgithub.com/­google/­lovefield/­blob/­master/­docs/­spec_index.mdlearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-db
Developer4D, IncApache Software FoundationGoogleMicrosoftMicrosoft
Initial release19842018201420142012
Current releasev20, April 20231.1.0, April 20232.1.12, February 2017
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaJavaScript
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) infotested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safarihostedhosted
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infoJSON typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like query languageSQL-like query language infovia JavaScript builder patternSQL-like query languageno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
Native API
DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
JavaScript.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
.Net
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyesnoJavaScriptno
TriggersyesyesUsing read-only observersJavaScriptno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)noneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasnoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes infoimplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoIntegration with Hadoop and Sparknowith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*no
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionoptimistic locking
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Databaseyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes infousing MemoryDBno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsyesnoAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelAccess rights based on private key authentication or shared access signatures

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache IoTDBLovefieldMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBMicrosoft Azure Table Storage
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