DBMS > 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. LevelDB vs. VoltDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. LevelDB vs. VoltDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

An IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and Flink

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

Distributed In-Memory NewSQL RDBMS

Used for OLTP applications with a high frequency of relatively simple transactions, that can hold all their data in memory

Primary database model

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.68
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.19
Rank	#176	Overall
	#15	Time Series DBMS

Score	2.75
Rank	#107	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	1.46
Rank	#159	Overall
	#74	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

iotdb.apache.org

github.com/google/leveldb

www.voltdb.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

iotdb.apache.org/UserGuide/Master/QuickStart/QuickStart.html

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

docs.voltdb.com

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation

Google

VoltDB Inc.

Initial release

1984

2018

2011

2010

Current release

v20, April 2023

1.1.0, April 2023

1.23, February 2021

11.3, April 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

AGPL for Community Edition, commercial license for Enterprise, AWS, and Pro Editions

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Java, C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X

for development

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like query language

yes

only a subset of SQL 99

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
Native API

Java API
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

C#
C++
Erlang

not officially supported
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

selectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicas

none

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Integration with Hadoop and Spark

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

FOREIGN KEY constraints are not supported

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Transactions are executed single-threaded within stored procedures

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Data access is serialized by the server

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

Snapshots and command logging

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

yes

Users and roles with access to stored procedures

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More resources

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