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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. LevelDB vs. TimesTen vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. LevelDB vs. TimesTen vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesIn-Memory RDBMS compatible to OracleA general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.68
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.19
Rank#176  Overall
#15  Time Series DBMS
Score2.75
Rank#107  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score1.35
Rank#165  Overall
#75  Relational DBMS
Score0.09
Rank#351  Overall
#47  Document stores
Websitewww.4d.comiotdb.apache.orggithub.com/­google/­leveldbwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.htmlgithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmlgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1www.xtdb.com/­docs
Developer4D, IncApache Software FoundationGoogleOracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005Juxt Ltd.
Initial release19842018201119982019
Current releasev20, April 20231.1.0, April 20231.23, February 202111 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)1.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoBSDcommercialOpen Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++Clojure
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononono
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like query languagenoyeslimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
Native API
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyesnoPL/SQLno
Triggersyesyesnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)nonenonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasnoneMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoIntegration with Hadoop and Sparknonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnonoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpointsyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsyesnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache IoTDBLevelDBTimesTenXTDB infoformerly named Crux
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