DBMS > 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. H2 vs. PostGIS vs. RDFox

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. H2 vs. PostGIS vs. RDFox

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

An IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and Flink

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Spatial extension of PostgreSQL

High performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engine

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.31
Rank	#164	Overall
	#14	Time Series DBMS

Score	8.33
Rank	#46	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	21.72
Rank	#29	Overall
	#1	Spatial DBMS

Score	0.29
Rank	#300	Overall
	#24	Graph DBMS
	#13	RDF stores

Website

www.oxfordsemantic.tech

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

iotdb.apache.org/UserGuide/Master/QuickStart/QuickStart.html

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

postgis.net/documentation

docs.oxfordsemantic.tech

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation

Thomas Mueller

Oxford Semantic Technologies

Initial release

1984

2018

2005

2017

Current release

v20, April 2023

1.1.0, April 2023

2.2.220, July 2023

3.4.2, February 2024

6.0, Septermber 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

GPL v2.0

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

yes

RDF schemas

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like query language

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
Native API

JDBC
ODBC

RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala

Java

C
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)

none

yes

based on PostgreSQL

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

selectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicas

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

yes

based on PostgreSQL

replication via a shared file system

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Integration with Hadoop and Spark

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setups

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

yes

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

based on PostgreSQL

Roles, resources, and access types

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

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