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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. Google Cloud Firestore vs. Graph Engine vs. SpaceTime

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. Google Cloud Firestore vs. Graph Engine vs. SpaceTime

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Firestore  Xexclude from comparisonGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonSpaceTime  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkCloud Firestore is an auto-scaling document database for storing, syncing, and querying data for mobile and web apps. It offers seamless integration with other Firebase and Google Cloud Platform products.A distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engineSpaceTime is a spatio-temporal DBMS with a focus on performance.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSDocument storeGraph DBMS
Key-value store
Spatial DBMS
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.18
Rank#173  Overall
#15  Time Series DBMS
Score7.85
Rank#51  Overall
#8  Document stores
Score0.61
Rank#240  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#35  Key-value stores
Score0.00
Rank#383  Overall
#7  Spatial DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comiotdb.apache.orgfirebase.google.com/­products/­firestorewww.graphengine.iowww.mireo.com/­spacetime
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmlfirebase.google.com/­docs/­firestorewww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manual
Developer4D, IncApache Software FoundationGoogleMicrosoftMireo
Initial release19842018201720102020
Current releasev20, April 20231.1.0, April 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialOpen Source infoMIT Licensecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJava.NET and CC++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)hosted.NETLinux
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like query languagenonoA subset of ANSI SQL is implemented
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
Native API
Android
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP APIRESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
Python
C#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
C#
C++
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyesyes, Firebase Rules & Cloud Functionsyesno
Triggersyesyesyes, with Cloud Functionsnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)Shardinghorizontal partitioningFixed-grid hypercubes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasMulti-source replicationReal-time block device replication (DRBD)
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoIntegration with Hadoop and SparkUsing Cloud Dataflowno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoyesnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsyesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management. Security Rules for 3rd party authentication using Firebase Auth.yes

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache IoTDBGoogle Cloud FirestoreGraph Engine infoformer name: TrinitySpaceTime
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