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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. MaxDB vs. TinkerGraph

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. MaxDB vs. TinkerGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonMaxDB infoformerly named Adabas-D  Xexclude from comparisonTinkerGraph  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.A robust and reliable RDBMS optimized to run all major SAP solutionsA lightweight, in-memory graph engine that serves as a reference implementation of the TinkerPop3 API
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSKey-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSGraph DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.18
Rank#173  Overall
#15  Time Series DBMS
Score3.26
Rank#92  Overall
#13  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score2.32
Rank#112  Overall
#55  Relational DBMS
Score0.08
Rank#348  Overall
#35  Graph DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comiotdb.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­bigtablemaxdb.sap.comtinkerpop.apache.org/­docs/­current/­reference/­#tinkergraph-gremlin
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmlcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsmaxdb.sap.com/­documentation
Developer4D, IncApache Software FoundationGoogleSAP, acquired from Software AG (Adabas-D) in 1997
Initial release19842018201519842009
Current releasev20, April 20231.1.0, April 20237.9.10.12, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialcommercial infoLimited community edition freeOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++Java
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)hostedAIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononono
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like query languagenoyesno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
Native API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
WebDAV
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Groovy
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyesnoyesno
Triggersyesyesnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)Shardingnonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesSource-replica replicationnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoIntegration with Hadoop and Sparkyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Immediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate Consistencynone
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyesyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoAtomic single-row operationsACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesno
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesoptional
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsyesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache IoTDBGoogle Cloud BigtableMaxDB infoformerly named Adabas-DTinkerGraph
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