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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. Google Cloud Firestore vs. SpaceTime

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. Google Cloud Firestore vs. SpaceTime

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonFirebase Realtime Database  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Firestore  Xexclude from comparisonSpaceTime  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkCloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.Cloud Firestore is an auto-scaling document database for storing, syncing, and querying data for mobile and web apps. It offers seamless integration with other Firebase and Google Cloud Platform products.SpaceTime is a spatio-temporal DBMS with a focus on performance.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSDocument storeDocument storeSpatial DBMS
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.18
Rank#173  Overall
#15  Time Series DBMS
Score14.29
Rank#39  Overall
#6  Document stores
Score7.85
Rank#51  Overall
#8  Document stores
Score0.00
Rank#383  Overall
#7  Spatial DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comiotdb.apache.orgfirebase.google.com/­products/­realtime-databasefirebase.google.com/­products/­firestorewww.mireo.com/­spacetime
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmlfirebase.google.com/­docs/­databasefirebase.google.com/­docs/­firestore
Developer4D, IncApache Software FoundationGoogle infoacquired by Google 2014GoogleMireo
Initial release19842018201220172020
Current releasev20, April 20231.1.0, April 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialcommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)hostedhostedLinux
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like query languagenonoA subset of ANSI SQL is implemented
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
Native API
Android
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
Android
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
Python
C#
C++
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyeslimited functionality with using 'rules'yes, Firebase Rules & Cloud Functionsno
TriggersyesyesCallbacks are triggered when data changesyes, with Cloud Functionsno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)ShardingFixed-grid hypercubes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasMulti-source replicationReal-time block device replication (DRBD)
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoIntegration with Hadoop and SparknoUsing Cloud Dataflowno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Eventual Consistency infoif the client is offline
Immediate Consistency infoif the client is online
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoyesyesno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsyesyes, based on authentication and database rulesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management. Security Rules for 3rd party authentication using Firebase Auth.yes

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache IoTDBFirebase Realtime DatabaseGoogle Cloud FirestoreSpaceTime
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