DBMS > 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. SpaceTime

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. SpaceTime

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

An IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and Flink

Cloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.

SpaceTime is a spatio-temporal DBMS with a focus on performance.

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.18
Rank	#173	Overall
	#15	Time Series DBMS

Score	14.29
Rank	#39	Overall
	#6	Document stores

Score	0.00
Rank	#383	Overall
	#7	Spatial DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

iotdb.apache.org

firebase.google.com/products/realtime-database

www.mireo.com/spacetime

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

iotdb.apache.org/UserGuide/Master/QuickStart/QuickStart.html

firebase.google.com/docs/database

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation

Google

acquired by Google 2014

Mireo

Initial release

1984

2018

2012

2020

Current release

v20, April 2023

1.1.0, April 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)

hosted

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like query language

A subset of ANSI SQL is implemented

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
Native API

Android
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API

RESTful HTTP API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala

Java
JavaScript
Objective-C

C#
C++
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

limited functionality with using 'rules'

Triggers

yes

Callbacks are triggered when data changes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)

Fixed-grid hypercubes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

selectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicas

Real-time block device replication (DRBD)

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Integration with Hadoop and Spark

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft

Eventual Consistency

if the client is offline
Immediate Consistency

if the client is online

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

yes

yes, based on authentication and database rules

yes

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