DBMS > 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. Ehcache vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. Ehcache vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

An IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and Flink

A widely adopted Java cache with tiered storage options

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.31
Rank	#164	Overall
	#14	Time Series DBMS

Score	4.64
Rank	#68	Overall
	#8	Key-value stores

Score	0.18
Rank	#332	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

www.4d.com

iotdb.apache.org

www.ehcache.org

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

iotdb.apache.org/UserGuide/Master/QuickStart/QuickStart.html

www.ehcache.org/documentation

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation

Terracotta Inc, owned by Software AG

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

1984

2018

2009

2019

Current release

v20, April 2023

1.1.0, April 2023

3.10.0, March 2022

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2; commercial licenses available

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Clojure

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)

All OS with a Java VM

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like query language

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
Native API

JCache

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala

Java

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Triggers

yes

Cache Event Listeners

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)

Sharding

by using Terracotta Server

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

selectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicas

yes

by using Terracotta Server

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Integration with Hadoop and Spark

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft

Tunable Consistency (Strong, Eventual, Weak)

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes

supports JTA and can work as an XA resource

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using a tiered cache-storage approach

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

yes

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