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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. Dgraph vs. Memcached vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. Dgraph vs. Memcached vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonMemcached  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSIn-memory key-value store, originally intended for cachingA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSGraph DBMSKey-value storeDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.37
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.31
Rank#159  Overall
#14  Time Series DBMS
Score1.39
Rank#155  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score16.84
Rank#32  Overall
#4  Key-value stores
Websitewww.4d.comiotdb.apache.orgdgraph.iowww.memcached.orggithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmldgraph.io/­docsgithub.com/­memcached/­memcached/­wiki
Developer4D, IncApache Software FoundationDgraph Labs, Inc.Danga Interactive infooriginally developed by Brad Fitzpatrick for LiveJournal8Kdata
Initial release19842018201620032016
Current releasev20, April 20231.1.0, April 20231.6.29, June 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoBSD licenseOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaGoCJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)Linux
OS X
Windows
FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnoyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like query languagenono
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
Native API
GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
Proprietary protocol
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
ColdFusion
Erlang
Java
Lisp
Lua
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyesnono
Triggersyesyesnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)yesnoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasSynchronous replication via Raftnone infoRepcached, a Memcached patch, provides this functionallitySource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoIntegration with Hadoop and Sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesnoyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsyesno infoPlanned for future releasesyes infousing SASL (Simple Authentication and Security Layer) protocolAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache IoTDBDgraphMemcachedToroDB
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