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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. Dgraph vs. EsgynDB vs. Google Cloud Bigtable

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. Dgraph vs. EsgynDB vs. Google Cloud Bigtable

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonEsgynDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSEnterprise-class SQL-on-Hadoop solution, powered by Apache TrafodionGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value store
Wide column store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.31
Rank#164  Overall
#14  Time Series DBMS
Score1.53
Rank#152  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score0.25
Rank#312  Overall
#138  Relational DBMS
Score3.15
Rank#95  Overall
#14  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Websitewww.4d.comiotdb.apache.orgdgraph.iowww.esgyn.cncloud.google.com/­bigtable
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmldgraph.io/­docscloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docs
Developer4D, IncApache Software FoundationDgraph Labs, Inc.EsgynGoogle
Initial release19842018201620152015
Current releasev20, April 20231.1.0, April 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaGoC++, Java
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)Linux
OS X
Windows
Linuxhosted
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like query languagenoyesno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
Native API
GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/ADO.NetC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyesnoJava Stored Proceduresno
Triggersyesyesnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)yesShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasSynchronous replication via RaftMulti-source replication between multi datacentersInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zones
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoIntegration with Hadoop and Sparknoyesyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACIDAtomic single-row operations
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsyesno infoPlanned for future releasesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache IoTDBDgraphEsgynDBGoogle Cloud Bigtable
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