DBMS > 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. CouchDB vs. VoltDB vs. Warp 10

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. CouchDB vs. VoltDB vs. Warp 10

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

An IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and Flink

A native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.

Distributed In-Memory NewSQL RDBMS

Used for OLTP applications with a high frequency of relatively simple transactions, that can hold all their data in memory

TimeSeries DBMS specialized on timestamped geo data based on LevelDB or HBase

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

using the Geocouch extension

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.31
Rank	#164	Overall
	#14	Time Series DBMS

Score	8.30
Rank	#47	Overall
	#7	Document stores

Score	1.47
Rank	#157	Overall
	#73	Relational DBMS

Score	0.14
Rank	#344	Overall
	#32	Time Series DBMS

Website

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

iotdb.apache.org/UserGuide/Master/QuickStart/QuickStart.html

docs.couchdb.org/en/stable

docs.voltdb.com

www.warp10.io/content/02_Getting_started

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developer

VoltDB Inc.

SenX

Initial release

1984

2018

2005

2010

2015

Current release

v20, April 2023

1.1.0, April 2023

3.3.3, December 2023

11.3, April 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

AGPL for Community Edition, commercial license for Enterprise, AWS, and Pro Editions

Open Source

Apache License 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Erlang

Java, C++

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)

Android
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux
OS X

for development

Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

via views

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like query language

yes

only a subset of SQL 99

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
Native API

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Java API
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

HTTP API
Jupyter
WebSocket

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala

C
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk

C#
C++
Erlang

not officially supported
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

View functions in JavaScript

Java

yes

WarpScript

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)

Sharding

improved architecture with release 2.0

Sharding

based on HBase

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

selectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicas

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

selectable replication factor

based on HBase

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Integration with Hadoop and Spark

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

based on HBase

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

FOREIGN KEY constraints are not supported

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

atomic operations within a single document possible

ACID

Transactions are executed single-threaded within stored procedures

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

strategy: optimistic locking

yes

Data access is serialized by the server

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

Snapshots and command logging

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

yes

Access rights for users can be defined per database

Users and roles with access to stored procedures

Mandatory use of cryptographic tokens, containing fine-grained authorizations

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