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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. CockroachDB vs. ToroDB vs. Weaviate

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. CockroachDB vs. ToroDB vs. Weaviate

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparisonWeaviate  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQLAn AI-native realtime vector database engine that integrates scalable machine learning models.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMSDocument storeVector DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.18
Rank#173  Overall
#15  Time Series DBMS
Score6.15
Rank#55  Overall
#33  Relational DBMS
Score1.73
Rank#143  Overall
#5  Vector DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comiotdb.apache.orgwww.cockroachlabs.comgithub.com/­torodb/­servergithub.com/­weaviate/­weaviate
weaviate.io
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmlwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docsweaviate.io/­developers/­weaviate
Developer4D, IncApache Software FoundationCockroach Labs8KdataWeaviate B.V.
Initial release19842018201520162019
Current releasev20, April 20231.1.0, April 202323.1.1, May 20231.19, May 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availableOpen Source infoAGPL-V3Open Source infocommercial license available with Weaviate Enterprise
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaGoJavaGo
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)Linux
macOS
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesyesdynamic schemaschema-freeyes, maps to GraphQL interface
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_idyes infostring, int, float, geo point, date, cross reference, fuzzy references
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes infoall data objects are indexed in a semantic vector space (the Contextionary), all primitive fields are indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like query languageyes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLGraphQL is used as query language
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
Native API
JDBCGraphQL query language
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
JavaScript / TypeScript
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyesnono
Triggersyesyesnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)horizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasMulti-source replication using RAFTSource-replica replicationyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoIntegration with Hadoop and Sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Eventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsyesRole-based access controlAccess rights for users and rolesAPI Keys
OpenID Connect Discovery
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache IoTDBCockroachDBToroDBWeaviate
Specific characteristicsWeaviate is an open source vector database that is robust, scalable, cloud-native,...
» more
Competitive advantagesFlexible deployment - Free, open source or fully-managed cloud vector database service...
» more
Typical application scenariosAs a database supporting the development of generative AI and semantic search applications...
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Key customersAll companies that have data. ​
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Market metricsAs of mid 2023: Over 2 million open source downloads 3500+ Weaviate Slack community...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsWeaviate is open-source, and free to use. Weaviate is also available as a fully managed...
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4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache IoTDBCockroachDBToroDBWeaviate
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