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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. CockroachDB vs. InfluxDB vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. CockroachDB vs. InfluxDB vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonInfluxDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.DBMS for storing time series, events and metricsWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS infowith GEO packageDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.31
Rank#164  Overall
#14  Time Series DBMS
Score5.73
Rank#58  Overall
#34  Relational DBMS
Score24.39
Rank#28  Overall
#1  Time Series DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comiotdb.apache.orgwww.cockroachlabs.comwww.influxdata.com/­products/­influxdb-overviewwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmlwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docsdocs.influxdata.com/­influxdbwww.postgresql.org/­docs
Developer4D, IncApache Software FoundationCockroach LabsPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release19842018201520131989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current releasev20, April 20231.1.0, April 202324.1.0, May 20242.7.6, April 202416.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availableOpen Source infoMIT-License; commercial enterprise version availableOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
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Implementation languageJavaGoGoC
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)Linux
macOS
Windows
Linux
OS X infothrough Homebrew
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesyesdynamic schemaschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesNumeric data and Stringsyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like query languageyes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLSQL-like query languageyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
Native API
JDBCHTTP API
JSON over UDP
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
.Net
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyesnonouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersyesyesnonoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)horizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTSharding infoin enterprise version onlypartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasMulti-source replication using RAFTselectable replication factor infoin enterprise version onlySource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoIntegration with Hadoop and Sparknonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyes infoDepending on used storage engineno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsyesRole-based access controlsimple rights management via user accountsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache IoTDBCockroachDBInfluxDBPostgreSQL
Specific characteristicsInfluxData is the creator of InfluxDB , the open source time series database. It...
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Competitive advantagesTime to Value InfluxDB is available in all the popular languages and frameworks,...
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Typical application scenariosIoT & Sensor Monitoring Developers are witnessing the instrumentation of every available...
» more
Key customersInfluxData has more than 1,900 paying customers, including customers include MuleSoft,...
» more
Market metricsFastest-growing database to drive 27,500 GitHub stars Over 750,000 daily active instances
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsOpen source core with closed source clustering available either on-premise or on...
» more
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