DBMS > 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. BigObject vs. CouchDB vs. gStore

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. BigObject vs. CouchDB vs. gStore

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

An IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and Flink

Analytic DBMS for real-time computations and queries

A native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.

A native Graph DBMS to store and maintain very large RDF datasets.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

a hierachical model (tree) can be imposed

Document store

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

using the Geocouch extension

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.31
Rank	#164	Overall
	#14	Time Series DBMS

Score	0.19
Rank	#329	Overall
	#146	Relational DBMS

Score	8.30
Rank	#47	Overall
	#7	Document stores

Score	0.14
Rank	#342	Overall
	#34	Graph DBMS
	#16	RDF stores

Website

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

iotdb.apache.org/UserGuide/Master/QuickStart/QuickStart.html

docs.bigobject.io

docs.couchdb.org/en/stable

en.gstore.cn/#/enDocs

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation

BigObject, Inc.

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developer

Initial release

1984

2018

2015

2005

2016

Current release

v20, April 2023

1.1.0, April 2023

3.3.3, December 2023

1.2, November 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

free community edition available

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

BSD

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

Erlang

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)

Linux

distributed as a docker-image
OS X

distributed as a docker-image (boot2docker)
Windows

distributed as a docker-image (boot2docker)

Android
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

via views

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like query language

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
Native API

fluentd
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala

C
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk

C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Lua

View functions in JavaScript

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)

none

Sharding

improved architecture with release 2.0

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

selectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicas

none

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Integration with Hadoop and Spark

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft

none

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

automatically between fact table and dimension tables

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

atomic operations within a single document possible

yes

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Read/write lock on objects (tables, trees)

yes

strategy: optimistic locking

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

yes

Access rights for users can be defined per database

Users, roles and permissions, Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) supported

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