DBMS > 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. Bangdb vs. Postgres-XL vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. Bangdb vs. Postgres-XL vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

An IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and Flink

Converged and high performance database for device data, events, time series, document and graph

Based on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster features

Widely used open source RDBMS

Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Time Series DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

with pgvector extension

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.31
Rank	#164	Overall
	#14	Time Series DBMS

Score	0.16
Rank	#338	Overall
	#47	Document stores
	#32	Graph DBMS
	#31	Time Series DBMS

Score	0.53
Rank	#254	Overall
	#117	Relational DBMS

Score	636.25
Rank	#4	Overall
	#4	Relational DBMS

Website

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

iotdb.apache.org/UserGuide/Master/QuickStart/QuickStart.html

docs.bangdb.com

www.postgres-xl.org/documentation

www.postgresql.org/docs

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation

Sachin Sinha, BangDB

PostgreSQL Global Development Group

www.postgresql.org/developer

Initial release

1984

2018

2012

2014

since 2012, originally named StormDB

1989

1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL

Current release

v20, April 2023

1.1.0, April 2023

BangDB 2.0, October 2021

10 R1, October 2018

16.3, May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

BSD 3

Open Source

Mozilla public license

Open Source

BSD

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

Java

C, C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)

Linux

Linux
macOS

FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes: string, long, double, int, geospatial, stream, events

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

XML type, but no XML query functionality

yes

specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.

Secondary indexes

yes

secondary, composite, nested, reverse, geospatial

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like query language

SQL like support with command line tool

yes

distributed, parallel query execution

yes

standard with numerous extensions

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
Native API

Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala

C
C#
C++
Java
Python

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java

JDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

Triggers

yes

yes, Notifications (with Streaming only)

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)

Sharding (enterprise version only). P2P based virtual network overlay with consistent hashing and chord algorithm

horizontal partitioning

partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

selectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicas

selectable replication factor, Knob for CAP (enterprise version only)

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Integration with Hadoop and Spark

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft

Tunable consistency, set CAP knob accordingly

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

MVCC

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, optimistic concurrency control

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, implements WAL (Write ahead log) as well

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

yes, run db with in-memory only mode

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

yes

yes (enterprise version only)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

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