DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Transbase

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Transbase

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

Widely used in-process key-value store

A resource-optimized, high-performance, universally applicable RDBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

supports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS

in the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	12.45
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	2.01
Rank	#126	Overall
	#21	Key-value stores
	#3	Native XML DBMS

Score	0.17
Rank	#334	Overall
	#148	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

impala.apache.org

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/berkeleydb.html

www.transaction.de/en/products/transbase.html

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

docs.oracle.com/cd/E17076_05/html/index.html

www.transaction.de/en/products/transbase/features.html

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Oracle

originally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by Oracle

Transaction Software GmbH

Initial release

1984

2013

1994

1987

Current release

v20, April 2023

4.1.0, June 2022

18.1.40, May 2020

Transbase 8.3, 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

commercial license available

commercial

free development license

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)

C and C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux

AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

only with the Berkeley DB XML edition

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

SQL interfaced based on SQLite is available

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

.Net

Figaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others

Third-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl

C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Kotlin
Objective-C
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

yes

Triggers

yes

only for the SQL API

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

selectable replication factor

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

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Recent citations in the news

Apache Impala becomes Top-Level Project
28 November 2017, SDTimes.com

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28 November 2017, Datanami

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26 May 2021, EurekAlert

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14 February 2006, MarketWatch

Database Trends Report: SQL Beats NoSQL, MySQL Most Popular -- ADTmag
5 March 2019, ADT Magazine

Margo I. Seltzer | Berkman Klein Center
18 August 2020, Berkman Klein Center

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